Neuroplasticity-driven technology-Assisted physiotherapy in cerebral dysfunction: A review of current evidence and...

Long-term motor and functional disability following cerebral dysfunction remains a major global rehabilitation challenge despite advances in conventional physiotherapy approaches. Therefore, it is of interest to synthesise existing evidence on neuroplasticity and technology- based physiotherapy interventions for cerebral dysfunction and to evaluate their mechanistic foundations, clinical effectiveness and translational potential. Technology-based modalities such as robotic exoskeletons, VR systems, BCIs and non-invasive neuro-stimulation enhance cortical reorganisation, motor relearning and functional independence compared with traditional physiotherapy. Neuroplasticity- driven and technology-assisted physiotherapy represent a paradigm shift in the management of cerebral dysfunction, as evidenced by large- scale randomised controlled trials. Technology-assisted physiotherapy increases the neurorehabilitation outcomes regarding stroke, traumatic brain injury and cerebral palsy.