How children with posttraumatic stress disorder view their social networks: a qualitative study

Research on the social networks of children with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) remains limited. Although a link between PTSD symptoms and the child's social environment is often assumed, this can be impacted in cases of interpersonal trauma. This is important, because social support can play a beneficial role in recovery after experiencing trauma. However, little is known about how children with interpersonal trauma perceive their social network and the support they gain from this network. This qualitative study used semi-structured interviews to explore these perceptions in greater depth. Ten children who experienced interpersonal trauma between the ages of 8 to 12 were interviewed about their social network. The content of the interviews was analyzed using reflexive thematic analysis. Descriptive statistics showed that children had varied networks with 40% of relationships experienced as ambivalent or negative. In addition, there was a general tendency to not discuss their traumatic experiences. Thematic analysis identified four key themes. First of all, the parent-child relationship was often strained with both parents, but in different ways. Second, there seemed to be a contrast between the positive definition children gave of friendship and the negative experiences they had within their own reported friendships. Third, children were able to identify supportive actions from different individuals in their network, related to the trauma as well as more general support. Finally, children reported various reasons for their general reluctance to discuss their trauma. The findings emphasize a need for help with strengthening the children's social network to improve recovery from trauma.