Pathogenic Potential and Antimicrobial Resistance Trends in Acinetobacter Species

Acinetobacter baumannii has emerged as one of the most potent multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria causing healthcare-associated illnesses worldwide. Its exceptional ability to thrive in hospital settings, acquire antibiotic resistance determinants, build biofilms, and elude host immune responses has contributed to its growing therapeutic relevance. The fast rise of multidrug-resistant (MDR), extensively drug-resistant (XDR), and carbapenem-resistant A. baumannii has significantly reduced available therapeutic choices while increasing morbidity and mortality. This narrative review summarizes our present understanding of A. baumannii epidemiology, pathogenicity, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, clinical symptoms, diagnostic techniques, antimicrobial stewardship, and emerging therapy efforts. Continuous surveillance, rapid molecular diagnosis, the development of innovative antimicrobial medicines, and efficient infection prevention methods are critical for lowering the global burden of A. baumannii infections and improving patient outcomes.