Despite the obstacles: consistent treatment effects for traumatized refugees regardless of asylum status change

Background: The prevalence of mental disorders is high among refugees and asylum seekers due to past traumatic experiences and post-migration stressors, such as uncertain asylum status. Specialized psychosocial treatment centers aim to address this complex interplay between clinical symptoms and social stressors. Thus far, evidence for the effectiveness of such multidisciplinary treatment approaches is mixed, and the influence of post-migration stressors like asylum status changes over the course of treatment has not yet been thoroughly investigated.Objective: The present study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of a multidisciplinary trauma- and migration-focused treatment and to examine whether changes in asylum status moderate therapeutic effects.Method: As part of a standardized diagnostic procedure, self-report questionnaires assessing post-traumatic stress disorder and depression were administered to 90 patients at baseline (T1 = 90), at an intermediate assessment (T2 = 59), and at post-treatment (T3 = 90) in two psychosocial centers providing trauma-focused interventions for refugees in Germany.Results: Linear mixed models revealed significant improvements in psychopathology by the end of treatment. Changes in asylum status did not emerge as a significant moderator of treatment outcomes.Conclusions: These findings suggest that (multidisciplinary) treatment can be effective in reducing trauma-related symptoms among refugees. The results further cautiously hint towards the robustness of therapeutic gains across challenging legal circumstances. Nonetheless, asylum insecurity may still pose substantial barriers to long-term recovery and integration. Future research should therefore explore whether sustained legal stability enhances the durability of treatment effects.