Reaching an initial consensus on the non-pharmacological management of post-stroke emotionalism using the Delphi...

We aimed to identify global healthcare staff and researcher opinions regarding the perceived helpfulness and accessibility of non-pharmacological Post-Stroke Emotionalism (PSE) interventions using the Delphi Method and mini focus groups. Thirty-eight healthcare professionals completed the first round of the Delphi Method and 19 completed the second round. Eight participants then completed one of three mini-focus groups. Data were summarized in line with Delphi Methods including content analysis of the mini-focus group data. "Ask the patient to take a deep breath," "Provide education for patient," "Acknowledge the PSE and then continue current activity," and "Teach distraction techniques" were rated the most helpful and accessible interventions, and with the highest level of consensus reached. Content analysis revealed uncertainties about PSE assessment and diagnosis, the roles of multidisciplinary team members, and factors impacting PSE intervention delivery as barriers to treatment. Sensitivity to context and maximizing support provision over time were expected to maximize the accessibility and helpfulness of interventions. Based on the context of the individual, some non-pharmacological interventions were perceived more accessible and helpful than others, although stroke services should apply a person-centred approach. Further research is needed to understand the accessibility and helpfulness of non-pharmacological PSE interventions.