[Advances in single cell omics applications in mantle cell lymphoma]

Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a mature B-cell neoplasm characterized by marked biological and clinical heterogeneity. Although novel strategies such as Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors and chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy have improved outcomes for a subset of patients, primary resistance, early relapse, and post-treatment progression remain major challenges in clinical management. Conventional bulk-level assays have limited capacity to resolve subclonal architecture, cellular state transitions, and microenvironmental remodeling of MCL. The development of single-cell omics and its derived spatially resolved technologies now enables the profiling of clonal evolution, immune ecology, and resistance-associated programs of MCL at both cellular and spatial dimensions. This review summarizes recent advances in the application of single-cell RNA sequencing, single-cell B/T-cell receptor sequencing, single-cell DNA sequencing, single-cell epigenomics, multimodal profiling, and spatial transcriptomic/imaging approaches to MCL. We focus on their contributions to the understanding of intratumoral heterogeneity, immune microenvironmental remodeling, therapeutic resistance, and potential clinical translation, as well as current challenges.