Oxidative stress and iron dysmetabolism: key targets and novel evidence for dietary intervention in MAFLD

Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is a critical global public health challenge with limited treatment options. Recent studies have identified the "oxidative stress-iron dysmetabolism axis" as a key pathological hub driving its onset and progression. This review systematically elaborates on the core mechanisms by which this interactive axis propels MAFLD, primarily involving the mutual exacerbation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) burst and iron overload, the activation of ferroptosis pathways, and the consequent inflammatory signaling, which collectively disrupt hepatocyte homeostasis and exacerbate injury. Based on this framework, the article summarizes novel dietary intervention strategies targeting this axis, such as specific dietary patterns, various dietary bioactive compounds, nutrients, and probiotics, which aim to break the vicious cycle and improve liver pathology through multiple pathways. Future research needs to focus on in-depth mechanistic dissection, developing personalized precision interventions, and strengthening clinical translation to advance these dietary strategies as an integral component of the comprehensive MAFLD prevention and management system.