Antibacterial and antioxidant okra-based hydrogels enhanced with Ag@HKUST-1 as a next-generation wound dressing

Wound management represents a significant global challenge. This study aims to develop an innovative multifunctional Okra/PAAm/PAA/Ag@HKUST-1 hydrogel to enhance wound dressing properties. The hydrogel was synthesized by functionalizing okra polysaccharide with dialdehyde/dicarboxylate groups, followed by polymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid. This method yielded a super absorbent material with notable swelling properties, effectively controlling wound exudates while maintaining a moist healing environment. The hydrogel gained impressive antibacterial and antioxidant properties by integrating HKUST-1 and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs), which Ag NPs were synthesized and stabilized by Calendula officinalis (CO) extract. Characterization by FT-IR, SEM, and XRD verified that the hydrogel was successfully synthesized. The Hydrogel/Ag@HKUST-1 composite demonstrated notable bacteria-inhibiting activity toward E. coli (inhibition zones ∼18 mm) and S. aureus (inhibition zone ∼22 mm) and strong antioxidant capacity, with an activity level of 52.06%. Hemolytic activity and cytotoxicity assays on HFF-2 cells showed minimal hemolysis (0.58%) and low cytotoxicity (99.21% at 24 h and 98.54% at 48 h). The hydrogel's blood clotting test demonstrated pro-coagulant characteristics (BCI = 22%) for quick bleeding stoppage and improved wound closure. These findings emphasize the Hydrogel/Ag@HKUST-1's promise as a potent wound dressing.