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Updated: Sep 11, 2026

Tracking Bispecific Antibody-Induced T Cell Trafficking Using Luciferase-Transduced Human T Cells
Published on: May 12, 2023
Effector-cell-engaging bispecific antibodies for cancer therapeutics: engineering precision immunity
Amol D Gholap1, Pankaj R Khuspe2, Darshana Morankar3
1Department of Pharmaceutics, St John Institute of Pharmacy and Research, Palghar, Maharashtra 401404, India; Department of Pharmaceutics, Amrutvahini College of Pharmacy, Sangamner 422608, Maharashtra, India.
Abstract:
The bispecific antibody (bsAb) is a novel immune therapeutic platform that consists of a single molecule that simultaneously binds two distinct antigens, tumor-associated antigens and immune effector cells, to enhance the targeted killing of tumor cells. bsAbs can target T cells and natural killer (NK) cells or macrophages through receptors such as CD3, CD16 or CD47 and generate strong, MHC-independent antitumor activity. This review outlines the evolution of effector-cell-engaging bsAb formats, such as BiTEs, DARTs, TandAbs and IgG-like constructs, along with engineering strategies to enhance Fc function, valency, half-life, safety and efficacy. It describes clinically validated T-cell engagers, new NK-cell- and macrophage-targeting bsAbs, trispecific NK engagers, tumor-activated and mRNA-encoded bsAbs, and combination strategies with checkpoint inhibitors and cellular therapies, highlighting their role in precision oncology.
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