A Scoping Review of Interventional Radiology Curricula for Medical Students and Correlation with Kern's Six-Step...

Interventional radiology (IR) plays an increasingly important role in modern healthcare; however, its integration into undergraduate medical education remains inconsistent. This scoping review evaluated IR teaching for medical students against Kern's six-step framework. A search of PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library databases, through July 2026, identified 36 studies examining IR exposure, teaching strategies, and educational outcomes. IR teaching is consistently underrepresented. Educational interventions included didactic teaching, case-based learning, and digital platforms, but were typically implemented as isolated initiatives. Mapping to Kern's framework demonstrated predominant focus on problem identification and educational strategies, with limited attention to needs assessment, implementation, and evaluation. No study addressed all six steps. These findings highlight poor framework alignment and support the development of structured, systematically designed curricula.