Immutability Is Not Trust: Recourse, Reversibility, and the Patient at the End of the Chain

Blockchain promises records that can never be changed. In healthcare, this is often sold as a way to make data trustworthy. Here, the author argues that an unchangeable record solves only one part of the problem. It proves nobody altered the record after it was written. It does not prove the record was correct, identify who is responsible for it, or allow a patient to challenge a decision that turns out to be wrong. Using data-integrity rules already standard in regulated medicine, the author asserts that correcting mistakes and seeking a remedy are essential to the trust that blockchain in healthcare is meant to deliver.An unchangeable record proves only that data were not altered later, not that data were correct to begin with.Trustworthy medical systems must let errors be corrected while keeping a permanent, attributed trail of each correction.Europe's right to erasure and the European Union Artificial Intelligence (EU AI) Act both assume records can change and decisions can be contested.A permanent record of a wrong decision that nobody can appeal protects the record, but it does not protect the patient.Regulated medicine solved this decades ago: append the correction, attribute it, timestamp it, and leave the original visible.