The people behind the papers - Rashi Agarwal, Joergen Benjaminsen and Joachim Wittbrodt

    Development (Cambridge, England)
    |September 10, 2026
    PubMed

    Related Concept Videos

    PCR02:07

    PCR

    The polymerase chain reaction, or PCR, is a widely used technique for copying segments of DNA. Due to exponential amplification, PCR can produce millions or billions of DNA copies within just a few hours. In a PCR reaction, a heat-resistant DNA polymerase enzyme amplifies the original DNA through a series of temperature changes inside an automated machine called a thermocycler.PCR is a Versatile Method that Revolutionized Molecular BiologyKary Mullis developed PCR in 1983, for which he was...
    Bacterial Signaling01:50

    Bacterial Signaling

    Bacterial signaling can occur within bacteria (intracellular) or between bacteria (intercellular). At times, a group of bacteria behaves like a community. To achieve this, they engage in quorum sensing, the perception of higher cell density that causes changes in gene expression. Quorum sensing involves both extracellular and intracellular signaling. The signaling cascade starts with a molecule called an autoinducer (AI). Individual bacteria produce AIs that move out of the bacterial cell...
    Tissues02:45

    Tissues

    Cells with similar structure and function are grouped into tissues. A group of tissues with a specialized function is called an organ. There are four main types of tissue in vertebrates: epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous.
    CRISPR01:59

    CRISPR

    Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
    In-vitro Mutagenesis (Gene Knockouts)02:29

    In-vitro Mutagenesis (Gene Knockouts)

    To learn more about the function of a gene, researchers can observe what happens when the gene is inactivated or “knocked out,” by creating genetically engineered knockout animals. Knockout mice have been particularly useful as models for human diseases such as cancer, Parkinson’s disease, and diabetes.
    Replication in Prokaryotes02:57

    Replication in Prokaryotes

    DNA replication has three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Replication in prokaryotes begins when initiator proteins bind to the single origin of replication (ori) on the cell’s circular chromosome. Replication then proceeds around the entire circle of the chromosome in each direction from two replication forks, resulting in two DNA molecules.Many Proteins Work Together to Replicate the ChromosomeReplication is coordinated and carried out by a host of specialized proteins.