Danish version of the Pediatric Incontinence Questionnaire for children with lower urinary tract symptoms

Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common in childhood and are associated with impaired health-related quality of life. The Pediatric Incontinence Questionnaire (PinQ) is a validated, disease-specific, reflective patient-reported outcome measure developed in English. No health-related quality of life (HRQoL) instrument currently exists for Danish children with LUTS.

To translate and cross-culturally adapt the original English version of the PinQ into Danish and evaluate the internal consistency and reliability of the Danish version.

This cross-sectional study was conducted at two pediatric outpatient clinics in Denmark. The 20-item self-reported PinQ was translated into Danish and culturally adapted according to Beaton's standardized methodology. Internal consistency was assessed using Cronbach's α.

Between February and October 2025, 55 children with non-neurogenic LUTS were included. The median age was 6.9 years (interquartile range 6.3-8.0), and 54.5% were males. Internal consistency was high, with Cronbach's alphas of 0.86 at baseline and 0.88 at retest. Test-retest reliability demonstrated satisfactory stability, with an overall intraclass correlation coefficient of 0.92 (95% CI: 0.86-0.95, p < 0.001). A substantial item-level floor effect was observed.

The original English PinQ was successfully translated and culturally adapted into Danish. The Danish PinQ demonstrated high internal consistency and reliability as an instrument for assessing HRQoL in Danish children with LUTS.