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Is entropy objective? Rethinking the foundations of irreversibility and the second law

Juan M R Parrondo1

  • 1Departamento de Estructura de la Materia, Física Térmica y Electrónica and GISC, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain.

PNAS Nexus
|September 11, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
entropyergotropyirreversibilitystochastic thermodynamics

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