Exploring Patients' Perspectives on Self-Management Behaviors and Influencing Factors in Chronic Disease Management

Self-management is essential for chronic disease control. This study aimed to explore patients' perspectives on self-management behaviors and the factors influencing these behaviors in chronic disease management.

A descriptive analytical cross-sectional study was conducted in primary healthcare centers affiliated with Jeddah's Second Health Cluster. Using simple random sampling, 123 adults with controlled type 2 diabetes, controlled hypertension, or both conditions were recruited. Data were collected through telephone interviews using a validated questionnaire.

Overall self-management was high (mean = 2.65; 82.5%). The highest-rated behaviors were medication adherence (93%), adherence to treatment recommendations (91.5%), and appointment attendance (90%). Symptom monitoring, contact with the healthcare team, and monitoring at primary healthcare centers were also high (≥82.5%). Dietary adherence and physical activity were moderate (72% each). Influencing factors were high for knowledge/awareness (84%-89%), intrinsic motivation (81.5%), self-efficacy (83.5%), problem-solving ability (80.5%), and social/family support (84.5%). Stress-management coping capacity (69.5%) and post-appointment follow-up (61%) were moderate. Self-management was higher among participants without comorbidities, non-smokers, and those living with family (p < 0.05), positively associated with disease duration and education, and negatively associated with age.

Self-management was strongest when embedded in treatment routines and supported by personal capability and family support, whereas sustaining lifestyle change and psychological coping remained more challenging.

Among adults with controlled type 2 diabetes, controlled hypertension, or both conditions, self-management was generally high and supported by enabling factors, but with limited generalizability. Targeted, patient-centered interventions are needed to strengthen lifestyle self-management, psychological coping, and structured follow-up.