Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 14, 2026
The Stroke Preclinical Assessment Network Multi-Laboratory Model of Thromboembolic Stroke with Thrombolysis: TE-MCAo
Published on: December 19, 2025
STRIVE-2 MRI-Defined Brain Frailty and Functional Outcomes After Thrombectomy: A Multicenter Study
Thiago Oscar Goulart1,2,3,4, Markus Schirmer2, Yuan Ma1
1Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA.
Background And Objectives:
Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for large vessel occlusion (LVO) stroke, yet nearly half of patients fail to achieve functional independence. Cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) represents a marker of brain frailty that may impair recovery. We aimed to evaluate whether comprehensive MRI-defined CSVD markers before MT predict 90-day functional outcomes and hemorrhagic transformation.
Methods:
This retrospective, multicenter cohort study analyzed consecutive patients with anterior circulation LVO treated with MT (2015-2022) at two tertiary centers. CSVD markers (white matter hyperintensities [WMH], lacunes, cerebral microbleeds [CMBs], enlarged perivascular spaces [EPVS], and brain atrophy) were assessed on pre-treatment MRI according to STRIVE-2 criteria. The primary outcome was functional dependence or death at 90 days (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 3-6). Bayesian logistic regression models estimated odds ratios (aOR) and 95% credible intervals (CrI), adjusting for age, sex, thrombolysis, infarct volume, time-to-puncture and reperfusion status. A composite CSVD score including all 5 markers was also evaluated.
Results:
Among 479 patients (median age 72 years [IQR 59-80]; 46% female), successful reperfusion (mTICI 2b-3) was achieved in 83% and 47% had 90-day mRS 3-6. Functional dependence was independently associated with the presence of lacunes (aOR 2.07; 95% CrI 1.22-3.59; posterior probability [PP] >99%), moderate-to-severe brain atrophy (aOR 1.92; 95% CrI 1.09-3.40; PP 99%), and moderate-to-severe WMH (aOR 1.63; 95% CrI 0.94-2.84; PP 96%). Furthermore, every 1-point increase in the 5-item composite CSVD score demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in the odds of functional dependence (aOR 1.44; 95% CrI 1.23-1.69; PP >99%) and SICH (aOR 1.33; 95% CrI 0.92-1.93; PP 94%).
Discussion:
Preexisting lacunes, atrophy, and WMH are independent determinants of worse functional recovery after MT. Importantly, cumulative total CSVD burden acts as a strong, dose-dependent predictor of functional outcomes and symptomatic hemorrhage. These findings suggest that while CSVD assessment improves post-thrombectomy prognostication, it should not be used as a criterion to preclude patients from MT eligibility.
