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Updated: Sep 14, 2026

A Microwave-Assisted Direct Heteroarylation of Ketones Using Transition Metal Catalysis
Published on: February 16, 2020
Fast Microwave-Assisted Ullmann-Type Coupling for the Synthesis of Multisubstituted Diaryl Ethers
Dario Gentili1, Gabriele Lupidi1, Francesca Stella1
1Università degli Studi di Camerino, School of Science and Technology - Chemistry Division, Via Madonna delle Carceri, Camerino 62032, Italy.
Abstract:
A mild and rapid microwave-assisted Ullmann-type C-O coupling protocol catalyzed by copper-(II) complexes was developed and optimized for the efficient synthesis of a wide variety of diaryl ethers. The synthetic methodology is general and tolerant toward both electron-rich and electron-poor phenols and aryl halides. Furthermore, this protocol provides a practical and rapid methodology for preparing diaryl ethers with potential biological and pharmacological relevance and represents a rapid and operationally efficient alternative to conventional thermal methods, thereby widening the use of copper catalysis in organic synthesis.
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