Neuro-Behçet's disease: a pictorial essay

Neuro-Behçet's disease (NBD) is a rare but serious manifestation of Behçet's disease, categorized into parenchymal and non-parenchymal forms, each with distinct clinical and imaging characteristics. Parenchymal NBD primarily af-fects the brainstem, basal ganglia, and diencephalon. On magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), acute or subacute lesions appear hyperintense on T2-weighted or fluid-attenuated inversion recovery sequences and isointense to hypointense on T1-weighted sequences, whereas chronic lesions may present as asymmetrical atrophic changes. Non-parenchy-mal NBD may present as cerebral venous thrombosis, arterial involvement, and meningeal inflammation. Here, we provide a pictorial essay on MRI central nervous system studies, mostly following an international consensus classifi-cation of NBD. Although NBD is rare, recognizing its characteristic imaging features is crucial for early diagnosis and treatment, potentially improving prognosis and reducing long-term neurological complications.