Occupational injuries among orthopaedic surgeons in Greece: A cross-sectional study

Orthopaedic surgery is a high-risk specialty for occupational injuries, both physical and psychological, while European data remain limited. This study assessed the prevalence, spectrum, risk factors, and impact of occupational injuries among orthopaedic surgeons in Greece.

A de novo web-based questionnaire was distributed to 1118 members of the Hellenic Association of Orthopaedic Surgery and Traumatology (HAOST). Survey items included demographics, professional characteristics, workload, injury history and type, affected anatomical regions, injury impact, reporting behavior, and prior ergonomic training. Descriptive analysis and appropriate logistic regression and chi-square tests were performed.

A total of 137 surgeons completed the survey (response rate 12.2%). The mean age was 43.4 years, and most participants were male (82.6%). Overall, 103 surgeons (75.2%) reported at least one occupational injury. Among injured participants, acute and sharp object injuries (97.1%), psychological or emotional strain (89.3%), and musculoskeletal disorders (79.6%) predominated. Hands and wrists were most commonly affected (72.8%). Medication was required in 38 cases (37.9%) and work absence in 13 (12.6%). Only 31 incidents (30.1%) were formally reported, and 12 surgeons (11.7%) had received previous training. Female gender was protective factor (p = 0.042). Sports medicine was associated with lower injury risk (p = 0.021), while traumatology showed higher odds of injury (OR 3.75, p = 0.114). No associations were observed for age, experience, workplace, or prior training.

This study provides the first national data on occupational injuries among Greek orthopaedic surgeons. The high prevalence observed underscores the need for structured preventive strategies focused on ergonomics and occupational health education.