Exudate-guided Janus trilayer bioelectronic dressing for multiplexed sensing and therapy of infected wounds

Skin wound management poses a critical clinical challenge, as conventional dressings and systemic therapies fail to adapt to the dynamically evolving, complex wound microenvironment. Herein, we develop a breathable, self-adhesive, multifunctional wound dressing built on a gradient-wettable Janus trilayer fibrous membrane. This platform integrates in-situ biochemical sensing with combined antibacterial drug delivery and electrical-stimulation therapy. The vertically stacked trilayer architecture separately incorporates a multiplexed electrochemical sensor array (glucose, lactate, pH), a silver sulfadiazine drug reservoir, and stimulation electrodes. Benefiting from gradient wettability, the membrane achieves directional exudate transport, sequentially triggering passive drug release and enabling in-situ wound biomarker tracking. The integrated stimulation electrodes further facilitate wound healing. The dressing is thin, breathable, stretchable, self-adhesive and biocompatible. It conforms to deformable skin and stably captures biochemical signals without additional adhesives, ensuring wear comfort and a favorable wound microenvironment. Preclinical evaluations confirm the dressing achieves accelerated infected wound healing and reliable in-situ wound monitoring. This integrated platform offers a promising strategy for next-generation wound care and regenerative medicine.