[Cognitive functions after surgical interventions on extracranial carotid arteries (literature review)]

In recent years, surgical interventions on the carotid arteries - such as carotid endarterectomy and stenting - have become key methods for preventing ischemic stroke. In addition to their proven clinical effectiveness, increasing attention is being paid to their influence on patients' cognitive functions. This review summarizes current data from both domestic and international studies on the dynamics of cognitive function following carotid revascularization. It discusses the primary mechanisms behind cognitive changes, including reperfusion injury, microembolism, and cerebral hyperperfusion syndrome. Particular attention is given to the comparative evaluation of endarterectomy and stenting in terms of long-term cognitive outcomes. The review also outlines key risk factors for cognitive impairment and proposes strategies to reduce them. The findings underscore the importance of an individualized approach when selecting surgical tactics and emphasize the need for further research in this area.