Association of ABO Blood Groups with HPV Genotypes and Cervical Lesions in HPV-Positive Women

This study aimed to investigate the distribution of ABO and Rh blood groups among HPV-positive women and to evaluate their associations with HPV genotype, cervical cytology, and colposcopic findings.

This retrospective observational study included 128 HPV-positive women who underwent cervical cytology and colposcopic evaluation. Patient data were retrieved from electronic medical records and classified according to ABO/Rh blood groups, HPV genotype, cervical cytology, and colposcopic findings. HPV DNA testing was performed using the cobas^® 4800 HPV Test, a real-time PCR-based assay providing individual detection of HPV16 and HPV18 and pooled detection of other high-risk HPV genotypes. ABO/Rh distributions were compared with those of a historical blood-donor reference population of 123,900 individuals.

Among 128 HPV-positive women, ABO/Rh distribution was A Rh-positive 26.6%, A Rh-negative 7.0%, O Rh-positive 29.7%, O Rh-negative 8.6%, B Rh-positive 12.5%, B Rh-negative 1.6%, and AB Rh-positive 14.1%. No statistically significant associations were observed between ABO/Rh blood groups and cervical cytology, colposcopic findings, or HPV genotype. The overall ABO distribution differed significantly from that of the historical reference population (goodness-of-fit test, p=0.006). Blood group A was less frequent in the HPV-positive cohort (33.6% vs 43.8%; p=0.020), whereas AB was more frequent (14.1% vs 5.1%; p=0.005). No significant differences were observed for blood groups O and B or Rh distribution.

ABO blood group distribution differed between HPV-positive women and the historical blood-donor reference population, particularly for blood groups A and AB. However, no significant associations were identified between ABO/Rh blood groups and cervical cytology, colposcopic findings, or HPV genotype. These findings should be considered preliminary and require confirmation in larger prospective studies.