Audiological Findings in Robin Sequence: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

ObjectiveTo synthesize the available evidence on audiological findings in individuals with Robin sequence (RS).DesignThis systematic review was conducted in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement and registered in PROSPERO (CRD 42024581313)SettingSearches were conducted across multiple databases, including the Cochrane Library, Embase, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Virtual Health Library, and Web of Science, as well as gray literature (Google Scholar and ProQuest). Experimental and observational studies published in Brazilian Portuguese, English, or Spanish were considered eligible, with no restrictions on location or publication date.PatientsIndividuals with RS, with or without cleft palate (CP), of either sex and with no age restrictions.Main Outcome Measure(s)Audiological outcome measures.ResultsA total of 644 records were identified, of which 289 were duplicates. After screening 355 titles and abstracts, 346 studies were excluded, and 9 were included. The overall risk of bias was low. A meta-analysis of 3 studies showed higher odds of hearing loss in individuals with RS and CP compared with the control group (odds ratio = 2.49; 95% confidence interval: 1.24-5.00), with no heterogeneity among studies. The certainty of the evidence was low.ConclusionsHearing loss was a frequent finding in individuals with RS, predominantly conductive and ranging from mild to moderate degrees, and was more frequently observed in those with CP. These findings highlight the need for continuous audiological assessment and monitoring, as well as the implementation of standardized clinical protocols. Further studies with greater methodological rigor are required to strengthen the evidence base and inform clinical practice.