Anxiolytic and Anticonvulsant Effects of Moringa Isothiocyanate-1 (MIC-1) in Adult Zebrafish

The 'miracle tree' Moringa oleifera from the Moringaceae family is recognized for its rich nutritional value and therapeutic properties. This study aimed to evaluate the phytopharmaceutical compound Moringa isothiocyanate-1 (MIC-1) isolated from hydroalcoholic extract of M. oleifera seeds for the treatment of seizures and anxiety in adult zebrafish. MIC-1 (up to 0.5 mg/mL) did not show any acute toxic effects over a 96-h period. Moreover, MIC-1 (0.005 and 0.05 mg/mL) delayed the onset of seizures induced by pentylenetetrazol, indicating anticonvulsant activity. The anticonvulsant effects of MIC-1 (0.05 mg/mL) were reversed by flumazenil, suggesting a mechanism involving the GABA_A receptor. Furthermore, MIC-1 (0.05 mg/mL) has anxiolytic effects, with involvement of the serotonergic and GABAergic systems. In silico assays confirmed the interaction of MIC-1 with the GABA_A, 5-HT_1B, 5-HT_2A/C, and 5-HT_3A/B receptors. Additionally, MIC-1 was effective in treating anxiety related to alcohol withdrawal in zebrafish. These findings suggest the pharmacological potential of MIC-1 for the development of new treatments for seizures and anxiety.