Integrated GC-MS Phytochemical Profiling and Bioactivity Assessment of Leaf and Fruit Extracts of Psidium cattleyanum...

Psidium cattleyanum (Cherry Guava, family Myrtaceae) is traditionally used for its medicinal and nutritional value; however, comparative chemical and bioactivity profiling of its leaf and fruit extracts remain limited. In this study, a sequential solvent extraction using hexane, dichloromethane, and methanol was employed to characterize the phytochemical composition. The combined extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Phytochemical screening, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), DPPH radical scavenging assay, and brine shrimp lethality bioassay were conducted. GC-MS analysis identified terpenoids enriched in leaf extracts, while fruit extracts exhibited relatively higher contribution of lipid-derived compounds. Phytochemical screening revealed a higher diversity of secondary metabolites in leaf extracts compared to fruits. The leaf extract exhibited significantly higher TPC (31.96 ± 0.05 mg GAE/g) and TFC (51.43 ± 0.22 mg CE/g) than the fruit extract (8.87 ± 0.11 mg GAE/g and 1.98 ± 0.07 mg CE/g, respectively), correlating with stronger antioxidant activity (IC₅₀ = 47.10 ± 0.06 ppm for leaves, 357.30 ± 0.64 ppm for fruits). Cytotoxicity assessment revealed mild to moderate bioactivity, with LC₅₀ values of 522.14 ± 17.00 µg/mL (leaf) and 402.60 ± 9.00 µg/mL (fruit). Overall, this study highlights Psidium cattleyanum extracts as sources of antioxidant-associated phytochemicals exhibiting preliminary biological activity and provides a basis for future phytochemical and bioactivity investigations.