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Updated: Sep 16, 2026

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease
Published on: November 14, 2017
Linking cognitive variability and Alzheimer's disease biomarkers by neurocognitive status
Shayne S-H Lin1, Alicia Milam2, Andrew M Kiselica3
1Department of Neurosurgery Medical College of Wisconsin Milwaukee Wisconsin USA.
Introduction:
This study aimed to assess intra-individual cognitive variability (IICV) in relation to Alzheimer's disease (AD) biomarkers.
Methods:
The National Alzheimer's Coordinating Center sample (n = 879), aged 50+ with a complete neuropsychological evaluation and AD biomarker data available (64% cognitively intact; 36% cognitively impaired). Moderated regression models using AD biomarkers, neurocognitive status, and interaction effects predicted IICV. AD biomarkers included cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) measures of Aβ1-42, phosphorylated tau 181 (p-Tau181), total tau (t-Tau), and amyloid positron emission tomography.
Results:
Increased AD biomarker burden was associated with increased IICV among cognitively impaired individuals (correlational strength ranging from 0.149 to 0.460) but not among the cognitively intact group.
Discussion:
Increases in measures of amyloid, soluble tau, and neurodegeneration are associated with increased IICV among cognitively impaired older adults. The findings underscore the potential of IICV as a sensitive outcome measure. Future studies should replicate findings longitudinally and in more diverse samples.
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