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Published on: August 23, 2022
Bisphenol S-induced inflammation: a comparative insight on inflammatory pathway activation in zebrafish and rodent
Wan Nur Izzati Wan Azhan1, Fatin Nadzirah Zakaria1, Danial Akmal Fuad Al' Arifin1
1Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Malaysia.
Background:
Bisphenol S (BPS) is a widespread BPA substitute with emerging immunotoxicity; this review synthesizes zebrafish and rodent experimental evidence to clarify BPS-induced inflammation.
Methods:
Narrative synthesis of experimental studies in zebrafish and rodent models, focusing on molecular pathways, organ-level effects, and exposure timing.
Results:
Across models, BPS consistently activates an oxidative stress-mediated NF-κB axis with increased ROS, lipid peroxidation, and upregulation of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6; chronic and developmental low-to-moderate exposures produced stronger inflammatory phenotypes than acute high doses.
Conclusions:
Convergent mechanistic and pathological findings strengthen the weight of evidence for BPS immunotoxicity and support targeted monitoring and controls; key research gaps include inflammasome activation, receptor mechanisms, sex differences, mixture effects, epigenetic regulation, and standardization.
