[Research status and prospects of electroencephalogram characteristics in acupuncture for cognitive dysfunction]

To investigate the neuroelectrophysiological characteristics and current research status of acupuncture in modulating cognition-related brain functional activities, the paper reviews the recent electroencephalogram (EEG)-related studies on acupuncture for cognitive dysfunction. The review examines the changes in EEG features in this field from perspectives such as power spectral density, brain electrical microstates, functional connectivity, and time-frequency analysis. The results demonstrate that acupuncture can modulate abnormal brain electrical rhythm activities, improve the dynamic characteristics of brain electrical microstates, enhance functional connectivity in cognition-related brain regions,and promote the restoration of brain functional network activity to a relatively normal state. Based on the aforementioned research advancements, this study further evaluates the application value of EEG in identifying cognitive dysfunction at various stages and enhancing therapeutic effect of acupuncture, while it explores the potential of EEG technology in elucidating multi-scale neural modulation mechanisms underlying acupuncture and in developing personalized precision treatment protocols, aiming to provide novel insights and perspectives for advancing standardized research and clinical translation of acupuncture in the field of cognitive dysfunction.