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Updated: Sep 17, 2026

The MODS method for diagnosis of tuberculosis and multidrug resistant tuberculosis
Published on: August 11, 2008
Tuberculosis in Sudan: A Comprehensive Narrative Review of Epidemiological Trends, Diagnosis, Drug Resistance,
Mohammad Azhar Kamal1, Hisham N Altayb2, Shima M Abdulgader3
1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University Alkharj Saudi Arabia.
Background And Aims:
This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of tuberculosis (TB) in Sudan, focusing on prevalence, drug resistance patterns, and associated challenges while identifying knowledge gaps in scientific research and data needed for effective management.
Methods:
A comprehensive literature search was conducted using PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar without language or date restrictions. Thirty-two studies and TB notification data from 2009 to 2025 were analyzed.
Results:
Among 32 studies, 41% (13/32) addressed TB prevalence and 59% (19/32) explored drug resistance. Kassala State reported the highest pulmonary TB prevalence (70%), while Khartoum had 17%. Drug-resistant TB was more prevalent in Khartoum (41.5%) than Kassala (21.4%). Only 23 studies examined HIV coinfections. TB notifications declined from 209 per 100,000 in 2009 to 10 per 100,000 in 2019 but increased to 50 per 100,000 after the COVID-19 pandemic. Data were lacking for Sudan's western states. Because of the Sudan war, in 2024, 14,310 cases were reported.
Conclusion:
This review underlines the scarcity of TB research in Sudan and highlights the urgent need for an integrated health information system to generate accurate, updated data for timely interventions.
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