Fabrication and biomedical utilization of hexagonal-boron nitride (h-BN) nanostructures

Hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) is a two-dimensional material with considerable potential for biomedical applications. In this study, a simple and effective method was developed for synthesizing ultrathin 2D h-BN nanosheets with a sheet-like morphology. The effective synthesis of h-BN is confirmed using a variety of characterization approaches., including morphological and structural analysis. X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirmed the hexagonal crystalline structure, with characteristic diffraction peaks at 25.93° and 42.34°, corresponding to the (002) and (100) crystal planes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) confirmed the presence of boron (B) and nitrogen (N). High-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HR-SEM) revealed self-assembled, smooth, sheet-like structures with predominantly rounded edges, while high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) demonstrated distinct layered structures with numerous pores. The lateral dimensions of the nanosheets ranged from approximately 0.5 to 3.0 μm. In addition, the antibacterial and anticancer properties of h-BN nanosheets were investigated. Antibacterial activity was shown against Bacillus subtilis and Escherichia coli, with inhibitory zones measuring 26 and 21 mm, respectively. To evaluate the anticancer potential of h-BN, it was tested against osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells and showed significant cytotoxicity. The results suggest that h-BN nanosheets could be a promising material for biomedical applications due to their strong antibacterial and anticancer properties.  .