A Decade of Semen Quality Trends in Libya: Nonlinear Temporal Patterns, Age Effects, and WHO 2010-2021...

This study investigated trends in male fertility by analyzing semen data from 3,078 men in Libya over a ten-year period (2016-2026). The researchers evaluated essential factors, including sperm count, movement, and shape. The findings revealed that sperm quality did not experience a straightforward decline, but rather fluctuated unevenly over the decade. Furthermore, the data confirmed that older age is steadily linked to lower sperm quality. Finally, the study demonstrated that switching from older medical criteria to the updated 2021 World Health Organization guidelines changes how many men are classified as having fertility issues. These results highlight the critical need for clinics to adopt the latest global diagnostic standards, ensuring more accurate fertility assessments and better-tailored patient care.