Elimination of Rheumatic heart disease from India: A Clarion Call for Action

RHD is a chronic condition resulting from untreated streptococcal throat infections and recurrent attacks of ARF. It primarily affects children and young adults and the greatest risk for a primary episode of ARF is in those aged 5 to 15 years. The peak prevalence of RHD occurs many years later, frequently between 25-45 years of age, possibly highlighting the aftermath of recurrent episodes of ARF. Acute Rheumatic Fever (ARF) and Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) remain a significant yet often overlooked health challenge in India. Despite being a preventable and treatable condition, RHD continues to affect many patients and places a heavy burden on our healthcare system. As we stand at the precipice of progress in combating ARF and RHD, a renewed call to critically review our control strategies and research priorities is imperative. Although there have been advances in medical knowledge, the battle against this preventable yet persistently devastating disease demands a heightened sense of urgency and a commitment to innovation. The path forward requires a comprehensive re-evaluation, and much work lies ahead to achieve our goal of eradicating ARF and RHD. Eliminating RHD from India is not only imperative but also a moral and ethical obligation. By addressing underlying social determinants, strengthening healthcare systems, and implementing evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic interventions, we can achieve this goal.