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Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and the Risk of Coeliac Disease: Substantial Discrepancies Among Studies Highlight a
Nektarios Marios Liapis1, Arriana Gkouvi1, Theodora Simopoulou1
1Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Biopolis, Larissa, Greece.
Objective:
Coeliac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated disorder that affects the small intestine. There are data showing that the prevalence of the disease is higher among patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) compared to the general population. This narrative review investigates the correlation between these two entities.
Methods:
A thorough search was conducted in "PubMed," "Scopus," "Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)," "clinicaltrials.gov," "gray literature" and "Google Scholar" from January 1, 1982, to July 1, 2025. A total of 2,991 articles were identified, of which 74 were reviewed in full text, and ultimately 15 were included in this review. Initially, the prevalence of biopsy verified CD among patients with SLE was examined. The prevalence of autoantibodies related to CD in patients with SLE was inspected subsequently.
Results:
The prevalence rate of both histologically confirmed CD and CD specific autoantibodies among patients with SLE exceeds the prevalence of CD found in the general population in most of the included studies, with noteworthy variability though.
Conclusion:
Based on the available data, patients with SLE appear to present greater risk of developing CD than the general population. However, the results between different studies vary significantly and routine screening for CD in patients with SLE is not currently recommended. The notable discrepancies among different studies underscore the necessity for further investigation to better understand the relationship between the two disorders.
