Synthesis and Fundamental Evaluation of [⁶⁷Ga]Ga-NOTA‑D‑KV6 as a Potential Cationic Amphiphilic Peptide Probe for...

SVS-1, a cationic amphiphilic peptide (CAP), adopts a β-hairpin conformation only upon interacting with the surface of cancer cells, thereby disrupting their membrane. Previously, we developed [⁶⁷Ga]-Ga-NOTA-KV6, an SVS-1 derivative for tumor imaging, which demonstrated favorable early tumor uptake but poor retention. To address this limitation, we designed and evaluated a novel d-amino acid-based SVS-1 analogue, [⁶⁷Ga]-Ga-NOTA-d-KV6, to enhance metabolic stability and improve pharmacokinetic properties. Fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled d-KV6 exhibited high accumulation in cancer cells, similar to that of FITC-KV6. In addition, uptake of [⁶⁷Ga]-Ga-NOTA-d-KV6 was significantly greater in cancer cells than in normal cells. Similar to [⁶⁷Ga]-Ga-NOTA-KV6, cellular uptake of [⁶⁷Ga]-Ga-NOTA-d-KV6 in cancer cells was significantly reduced at low temperature (4 °C) and in the presence of several different types of endocytic inhibitors, indicating internalization via multiple endocytosis pathways. Metabolic stability studies revealed that [⁶⁷Ga]-Ga-NOTA-d-KV6 was significantly more stable than [⁶⁷Ga]-Ga-NOTA-KV6. An in vivo biodistribution study of [⁶⁷Ga]-Ga-NOTA-d-KV6 revealed low blood retention, high accumulation in the liver and kidneys, and minimal uptake by other organs. Tumor accumulation of [⁶⁷Ga]-Ga-NOTA-d-KV6 was moderate, but tumor retention was improved compared with that of [⁶⁷Ga]-Ga-NOTA-KV6, leading to a tumor-to-blood ratio of 17.3 at 240 min postinjection. These findings demonstrate that d-amino acid substitution improved the plasma stability and tumor retention of the CAP derivative while maintaining preferential uptake in cancer cells. Although further optimization is required to reduce liver and kidney accumulation and improve tumor-to-background contrast, mirror peptide formation represents a promising strategy for the development of CAP-based cancer theranostic agents.