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Updated: Sep 20, 2026

Creating and Applying a Reference to Facilitate the Discussion and Classification of Proteins in a Diverse Group
Published on: August 16, 2017
Several multiple sequence alignment-perturbing methods enhance AlphaFold3 sampling of alternative protein states
Samuel Eriksson Lidbrink1, Ivan Nissen2, Rebecca J Howard1,2
1Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna, Sweden.
Abstract:
Protein function often involves multiple conformational states. Several multiple sequence alignment-perturbing strategies, including stochastic subsampling, clustering, and column masking, have been shown to enhance AlphaFold2 (AF2) sampling of alternative protein states. Here, we evaluate these strategies on AlphaFold3 (AF3) and compare their performance with the BioEmu Boltzmann sampling model on 107 proteins with multiple experimentally solved conformational states. We find that unperturbed AF3 samples alternative states with significantly higher TM-scores compared to AF2 and comparable to BioEmu. In particular, all MSA perturbation methods improve AF3 sampling at a statistically significant level, improving the top 1% TM-score by at least 0.05 in approximately 20% of cases each, while rarely worsening the performance. Furthermore, we find that different choices of amino acid masks can improve column-masked AF3 sampling for specific targets. Our results highlight how MSA perturbations remain relevant in AF3, providing a useful tool for understanding dynamic biological processes.
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