Understanding the Concept of Self-Performed Ultrasound: A Scoping Review

Self-performed ultrasound is an emerging technology that facilitates adept self-scans in untrained hands. Inspired by self-performed imaging in space for more prompt diagnosis and therapy, it has the potential to accurately monitor chronic conditions remotely. However, the lack of supervision and physical restraints can hinder its usability. This scoping review was guided by the JBI Manual for Evidence Synthesis and the PRISMA-ScR checklist. Six databases and two grey literature platforms were searched. There were no restrictions on publication year or country, provided that there was full-text and English language availability. Twenty-six studies were included, examining various domains predominantly in home settings. Self-performed ultrasounds can be acquired independently (n = 13) or via teleguidance support (n = 10) using numerous vendors and be electronically transmitted for interpretation. Independently performed and teleguided scans demonstrated at least 70 and 85% accuracy, respectively, whereby novice and expert-obtained images had non-inferior quality. Application logistics like device malfunctions, delayed intervention due to concealed pathologies in untrained hands, mobility restraints, participant proficiency, and low-resolution equipment that could hinder applicability had conflicting observations. Some could be resolved adequately, allowing completion of self-performed exams while some factors remained persistent hurdles. Acceptance of the technology was unanimous and widespread where participants appreciated the versatility and flexibility it offers. Self-performed ultrasound has the potential to generate competitive image quality for novice acquired scans across various domains even with limited training or education. However, the absence of a standardized training program and safety protocols warrants further research to validate the feasibility and accessibility of self-performed ultrasound.