Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 21, 2026

10:52
Closure of a Patent Foramen Ovale (PFO): An Intervention Sequence
Published on: December 23, 2022
Cinematic Rendering of a Fenestrated Patent Foramen Ovale Within a Left-Sided Atrial Septal Pouch
Amy Avakian1, Muhammad Umair2,3
1Southern Hills Hospital and Medical Center, Las Vegas, Nevada, US.
Methodist Debakey Cardiovascular Journal
|September 19, 2026
Abstract:
Photorealistic cinematic rendering disclosed a fenestrated patent foramen ovale embedded within the otherwise fused inferior wall of a left-sided septal pouch. The fenestrations were not resolvable on conventional axial, multiplanar, or oblique long-axis reformats because of partial volume averaging across the thin septum primum. This case illustrates a diagnostic ceiling of cross-sectional reformatting and a complementary anatomic role for cinematic rendering in thin-tissue interatrial septal pathology.

