Plant-based proteins: Key sources and production methods

The global protein crisis, which has been driven by the population explosion and environmental cost of traditional farming, requires novel and sustainable remedies. The chapter discusses how novel opportunities can be generated by the combination of two promising frontiers, like seaweed as an all-useful resource in the sea and green nanotechnology. The seaweed extracts that are abundant in bioactive compounds can be used as natural nanofactories in the production of metallic and metal oxide nanoparticles in an eco-friendly manner. The mechanisms of this synthesis are discussed and enlighten on how seaweed bioactive stabilize nanoparticles and reduce toxic substances. Synthesized nanoparticles are then characterized with regard to their special physicochemical properties. The core of the chapter is that nanoparticles synthesized from seaweeds are used in multifaceted ways to improve protein diet and production. Further the use of nanoparticles as nutrient delivery systems to enhance bioavailability, to support new protein-enriched foods, and in sustainable agriculture and aquaculture to increase yields and feed efficiency. Most importantly, the chapter draws attention to the most critical aspects of safety, toxicity, and the regulatory environment of nanoparticles in the food chain. The synergistic model synthesized seaweed nanoparticles have the potential to improve the whole energy chain of protein, and this chapter puts forward a possible, circular route of developing a more robust and secure global food system.