[Correlation Between Landscape Pattern and Ecosystem Services and Optimization Strategies in Zoige National Park]

Enhancing ecosystem services （ES） in national parks is essential for maintaining ecosystem sustainability， and landscape pattern （LP） plays a key role in this. Existing studies have mostly focused on the spatial impact of LP on ES， while the correlation between the intensity of this impact and the size of ES remains unclear， which may lead to the mismatch of policy interventions and ineffective investment of costs. Taking Zoige National Park as an example， combining the ES evaluation method， correlation analysis method， and constraint line method， we comprehensively analyze the dynamic change characteristics of LP and ES [annual water yield （AWY）， soil conservation （SC）， habitat quality （HQ）， and carbon storage （CS）] in the study area from 2000 to 2020 and explore the impact of LP on ES based on the data in 2020. Finally， by identifying the correlation between the intensity of LP's impact on ES and the size of ES， LP optimization strategies were proposed to promote the effective and efficient enhancement of ES. The results show that： ① The overall levels of AWY and SC were high and obvious， the growth rate of CS decreased， and HQ showed a trend of degradation. ② The landscape fragmentation in the study area increased， and the dominance of grassland and wetland patches decreased. ③ The four types of ES in the study area were affected by the nine types of LP indices to varying degrees， with the western and northern areas being affected the most. ④ The strength of LP's impacts on ES had a threshold effect on the ES size； and the constraint lines were primarily concave wave-shaped， exponential， and positive U-shaped. When AWY and CS increased， the influence intensity decreased and then increased， while HQ and SC showed the opposite. In summary， it can be seen that optimizing LP in the study area can effectively enhance ES， but it is necessary to comprehensively consider the intensity of LP's influence on ES and its correlation with ES size to achieve significant enhancement results. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the prioritization of ecological restoration in national parks.