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Updated: Sep 22, 2026
Establishment and Propagation of Human Retinoblastoma Tumors in Immune Deficient Mice
Published on: August 4, 2011
From Enucleation to Prevention: Evolution of Germline Retinoblastoma Management
Antonio Bechara Ghobril1, Sara E Lally1, Carol L Shields1
1Ocular Oncology Service, Wills Eye Hospital, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Abstract:
Retinoblastoma management has evolved from life-saving enucleation to globe preservation, vision preservation, and genetic prevention. Through three generations of one family, this article illustrates advances in radiotherapy, systemic and intravitreal chemotherapy, focal therapies, and preimplantation genetic testing, while highlighting persistent global disparities in diagnosis, treatment access, and outcomes worldwide today.
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