Varietal preference of codling moth for damage and dependence of population build-up on important weather parameters

The codling moth, Cydia pomonella L., is a major oligophagous pest causing serious losses in apple and other rosaceous fruit crops. Although varietal differences in susceptibility to codling moth infestation have been reported, substantial damage may occur under inadequate management practices. The recent establishment of this pest in the apple-growing regions of Jammu and Kashmir, India, has highlighted the need for a better understanding of varietal preference and the influence of weather parameters on pest population dynamics. The present study was conducted during 2021 and 2022 in the karewas of Nadihal village, Baramulla district, to assess the varietal preference of codling moth based on fruit damage and infestation levels, and to determine the relationship between pest incidence and key meteorological factors. Ten apple varieties-Red Delicious, American Apirouge, Sur Saharanpuri, Hazratbali, Maharaji, Chamoora, Rail, Kisri, Titu, and Condition-were evaluated at different fruit developmental stages on both fallen and on-tree fruits. Red Delicious consistently recorded the highest fruit damage and infestation, whereas American Apirouge was the least susceptible. Infestation increased progressively with fruit development, with the lowest levels observed during May (fruit development stage I). Late-maturing varieties generally suffered higher damage intensity. Correlation analysis showed a positive association between codling moth infestation and maximum and minimum temperatures, while rainfall and relative humidity (morning and evening) were negatively associated with pest incidence. These findings support the use of varietal selection and weather-based monitoring for developing effective integrated pest management strategies against codling moth.