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Reliability and Quality of AI-Generated Nursing Care Plans: A 2-Year Follow-Up Comparing GPT-3.5 and GPT-5
Funda Çam1, Ayşe Dost2, Mahmut Dağcl3
1Department of Nursing, Bezmialem Vakif University Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul, Turkey.
Abstract:
Advancements in large language models have increased the use of AI-generated content in nursing education; however, concerns remain regarding the reliability and quality of such outputs. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability and quality of nursing care plans generated by ChatGPT-5 and to compare them with those previously produced using ChatGPT-3.5. This methodological follow-up study used a descriptive and comparative design. Forty nursing diagnoses previously analyzed in 2023 were re-evaluated using ChatGPT-5 to ensure methodological continuity. Generated care plans were assessed using a descriptive criteria form and the DISCERN instrument. Paired comparisons were conducted using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. ChatGPT-5-generated care plans showed significantly higher numbers of total and accessible references and higher DISCERN reliability and total scores than those reported in the 2023 evaluation of ChatGPT-3.5. No significant differences were observed in care-related information quality or overall quality scores; however, category-based analyses showed a shift toward higher quality levels. ChatGPT-5-generated nursing care plans showed higher reference accessibility and reliability scores than those reported in the 2023 evaluation of ChatGPT-3.5 using the same nursing diagnoses, although human oversight remains essential, particularly regarding reference accuracy.
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Planning Nursing Care II
Guidelines for Writing Outcome
Patient outcomes reflect the patient's response to the goal rather than what the nurse aims to achieve. Terminology should be observable and measurable to avoid the reader's interpretation. The desired outcome should be realistic and achievable in the designated care timeframe. Expected outcomes should align with adjunctive therapies. The outcome should enhance care evaluation by...
Nursing Evaluation
Section...
Planning Nursing Care I
Fundamentals of Nursing Process II
Methods of Documentation III: PIE