[Follow-up after lung transplantation: a complex and interdisciplinary task]

Follow-up of lung transplant patients is complex and requires highly specialized and interdisciplinary collaboration both in inpatient and outpatient settings. A structured approach became available in Germany, Austria and Switzerland when the first guideline for the follow-up care of lung transplant recipients was published in 2025.Regular follow-up intends to prevent or detect allograft dysfunction at an early stage. Bronchopulmonary infections, acute or chronic rejection and airway complications are the main causes of allograft dysfunction. This has to be considered in diagnostic pathways.Furthermore, it is essential to closely monitor possible toxicities and long-term side effects of immunosuppressive medication. These toxicities include renal insufficiency, diabetes mellitus, osteoporosis, arteriosclerosis, chronic infection and the development of malignant neoplasm.