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Updated: Sep 23, 2026

The Use of Reverse Phase Protein Arrays (RPPA) to Explore Protein Expression Variation within Individual Renal Cell Cancers
Published on: January 22, 2013
Triplet Therapy in Metastatic Clear Cell Renal Cell Carcinoma: Time to Abandon Empiric, Biomarker-unselected
Javier Molina-Cerrillo1, Victoria Gómez Dos Santos2, Teresa Alonso-Gordoa1
1Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Madrid, Spain; ARON Research Foundation ETS, Macerata, Italy.
Abstract:
Adding a third drug to standard immunotherapy combinations can prolong disease control but has not yet improved survival benefit and, when used empirically, increases toxicity. The priority now is validated biomarkers for patient selection and mechanistically distinct therapies, rather than more unselected triplets.
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