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Updated: Sep 23, 2026

The HoneyComb Paradigm for Research on Collective Human Behavior
Published on: January 19, 2019
CoGrid & the Multi-User Gymnasium: A framework for multi-agent experimentation
Chase McDonald1, Cleotilde Gonzalez2
1Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA. chasemcd@alumni.cmu.edu.
Abstract:
The increasing integration of artificial intelligence (AI) in everyday life brings with it new challenges and questions regarding how humans interact with autonomous agents. Multi-agent experiments, where humans and AI act together, can offer important opportunities to study social decision-making, but there is a lack of accessible tooling available to researchers to run such experiments. We introduce two tools designed to reduce these barriers. The first, COGRID, is a multi-agent grid-based simulation library with dual NumPy and JAX backends. The second, Multi-User Gymnasium (MUG), translates such simulation environments directly into interactive web-based experiments. MUG supports interactions with arbitrary numbers of humans and AI, utilizing either server-authoritative or peer-to-peer networking with rollback netcode to account for latency. Together, these tools can enable researchers to deploy studies of human-AI interaction, facilitating inquiry into core questions of psychology, cognition, and decision-making, and their relationship to human-AI interaction. Both tools are open source and available to the broader research community. Documentation and source code is available at {cogrid, multi-user-gymnasium}.readthedocs.io. This paper details the functionality of these tools and presents several case studies to illustrate their utility in human-AI multi-agent experimentation.
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