Application of electrospun piezoelectric nanofibers in wound healing

Wound healing is essential for maintaining organismal homeostasis and barrier function, posing significant challenges particularly in the management of hard-to-heal wounds such as diabetic ulcers. This review systematically summarizes the functional properties of piezoelectric electrospun biomaterials and their biological mechanisms in promoting wound healing via electrical stimulation (ES). Piezoelectric nanofiber wound dressings fabricated by electrospinning technology offer dual advantages: on one hand, their unique fibrous architecture enables adaptation to irregular wound contours, facilitates rapid hemostasis, and provides an effective barrier against microbial invasion; on the other hand, their inherent piezoelectric effect converts micromechanical deformations into localized electrical signals in real time, thereby modulating cellular behaviors and accelerating tissue repair. This review highlights recent studies elucidating the mechanisms by which ES promotes wound healing, and the functional characteristics of piezoelectric fibrous dressings. It aims to establish a theoretical foundation for the rational design and performance optimization of next-generation intelligent piezoelectric wound dressings, thereby advancing their clinical translation and industrial development.