Related Experiment Video
Updated: Oct 4, 2026
Protocol for Relative Hydrodynamic Assessment of Tri-leaflet Polymer Valves
Published on: October 17, 2013
Measurement and comparison of thoracic viscous response between the Chinese anthropomorphic test device and hybrid
Jingkai Cui1, Hanxiao Zhang1, Kai Wang1
1Central Research Institute, China Automotive Technology and Research Center Co., Ltd, Tianjin, China.
Objective:
Anthropomorphic test devices (ATDs) are essential tools for estimating occupant injury risks under controlled impact conditions. Viscous response (VC) is one of the important criteria for assessing the risk of thoracic injury. However, the thoracic displacement sensor in the existing Hybrid III ATD cannot directly measure or calculate VC. This article aims to establish general methods for measuring the thoracic VC of ATDs, and to obtain and compare the thoracic VC of an ATD representing the 50th percentile Chinese adult male (CN-50M) with that of the Hybrid III 50th percentile male ATD (HIII-50M).
Methods:
Thoracic VC is calculated from external chest deformation, which includes the viscoelastic properties of the thoracic skin. Two methods for measuring external chest deformation during thoracic impact tests are proposed: (1) External deformation is obtained by subtracting the dummy's shoulder displacement from the impactor displacement, both measured using a high-speed camera. (2) External deformation is obtained by subtracting the dummy's thoracic spine displacement, measured using a string potentiometer, from the impactor displacement, measured using a high-speed camera. A total of nine impact tests were conducted on two CN-50M and three HIII-50M dummies on the thoracic calibration test bench. The pendulum mass was 19.78 kg for the CN-50M tests and 23.36 kg for the HIII-50M tests, with an impact velocity of 6.7 m/s in both cases.
Results:
The average peak internal thoracic VC of the CN-50M was 0.8019 m/s, which is 19.63% higher than that of the HIII-50M (0.6703 m/s), while the peak external thoracic VC of the CN-50M was comparable to that of the HIII-50M. The recommended values of the external-to-internal VC scaling factor for the CN-50M and HIII-50M are 1.63 and 2.03, respectively.
Conclusions:
The proposed methods can effectively measure the thoracic VC of the ATDs. Under lower impact energy, the internal thoracic deformation velocity and peak VC of the CN-50M were both significantly higher than those of the HIII-50M.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Assessment of Ventilation II: Respiratory Depth and Rhythm
Respiratory depth measures the volume of air inhaled or exhaled during a breath. It can vary from shallow to deep and typically remains consistent when a person is at rest or asleep. Occasionally, individuals will automatically inhale deeply, known as sighing, which inflates the lungs with more air than normal breathing.
To assess respiratory depth, observe the degree of chest excursion or movement:
01:24Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity
Breathing Mechanisms
Both intra-alveolar and intrapleural pressures rely on specific lung properties. The ability to breathe—allowing air to enter the lungs during...
01:25Pulmonary Function Tests
Pulmonary Function Tests are crucial diagnostic tools for assessing respiratory function, particularly in patients with chronic respiratory disorders. They comprehensively evaluate lung volumes, ventilatory function, breathing mechanics, diffusion, and gas exchange. These tests help diagnose pulmonary diseases and play a significant role in monitoring disease progression, evaluating disability, and assessing response to therapy.
PFTs involve using a spirometer, a...