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Refining Risk Stratification in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma: The Role of Tumor Budding and Worst Pattern of Invasion
Francesco Mattioli1, Costanza Galloni2, Nicola Cornale3
1Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Policlinico di Modena, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy.
Background:
The aims of this study are: to assess the association of tumor budding (TB) and worst pattern of invasion (WPOI) with other clinical and histopathological prognostic factors of oral tongue and floor squamous cell carcinoma (OTFSSC), to evaluate their impact on survival outcomes and to assess whether they can be considered independent prognostic factors with respect to pathological depth of invasion (pDOI).
Methods:
A retrospective multicenter study was conducted on patients who underwent compartmental surgery for locally advanced OTFSCC.
Results:
A total of 134 patients were enrolled in the study. WPOI was found to be an independent negative prognostic factor for the risk of N+ at diagnosis. Patients with infiltrative WPOI presented a statistically significant increased risk of recurrence and loco-regional recurrence.
Conclusions:
TB and WPOI are promising prognostic markers in the therapeutic management of OTFSCC, potentially guiding possible treatment intensification.