Related Experiment Videos
Social engagement, formal education, and cognitive outcomes among older adults in India: A longitudinal
Peiyao Zhu1, Emma Nichols2,3, Marco Angrisani2,4
1School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.
Introduction:
We estimated the associations between baseline social engagement and cognitive function and change among older adults in India, overall and by education.
Methods:
Data were from 3869 adults aged ≥ 60 years from the Longitudinal Aging Study in India-Diagnostic Assessment of Dementia Wave 1 (2017-2019) and Wave 2 (2022-2024). Baseline social engagement was measured using a 12-point index, dichotomized as higher (< 8) versus lower (≥ 8) engagement. General and domain-specific cognitive scores were derived at both waves. Multivariable-adjusted joint models accounted for mortality and evaluated effect modification by education.
Results:
Higher baseline social engagement was associated with higher general cognitive scores at baseline (0.145 standard deviation units; 95% confidence interval: 0.076, 0.214), but not with cognitive change over time. Education attainment did not show a consistent pattern of effect modification across cognitive domains.
Discussion:
Social engagement was associated with cognitive level at baseline but not the rate of cognitive change over time, with no consistent evidence of effect modification by education.
Related Concept Videos
Cognitive Development During Adulthood
Impact of Social Context on Individuals
Longitudinal Research
Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adulthood
Intimacy Versus Isolation in Early Adulthood
Individuals in early adulthood, from the 20s...
Emerging Adulthood
Aging
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...