A Wireless Colorimetric Optoelectronic Microneedle Patch for On-Demand Photodynamic Therapy of Wound Infections

Wound infections represent a major clinical concern due to their high incidence and subtle early manifestations, often resulting in prolonged healing and increased risk of complications. While wearable bioelectronics facilitate real-time diagnostics and therapeutic interventions, their widespread clinical translation remains constrained by the complexity, power demands, and high cost of current systems. Here, a wearable platform that integrates colorimetric sensors with a wireless optoelectronic microneedle patch was presented for in situ wound infection status detection and on-demand photodynamic therapy (PDT). This wireless colorimetric optoelectronic microneedle (COMN) patch enables rapid (15 min) and reliable detection of typical wound infection biomarkers with minor interference. By integrating microneedles and wireless light-emitting diodes (LEDs), this system supports concurrent delivery of photosensitizers and light into deeper wound tissues, achieving > 99.9% eradication of drug-resistant bacteria through penetration-enhanced PDT. In a murine full-thickness wound infection model, this system promptly assessed the infection status of the wound and then triggered PDT, resulting in > 3 log reduction in bacterial burden and accelerated healing, with > 80% wound closure observed by day 14. This work demonstrates a flexible and adaptive bioelectronic platform based on colorimetric analysis and optoelectronic microneedle therapy, offering an accessible strategy for precision wound care.